|
 |
CASE REPORT |
|
Year : 2012 | Volume
: 2
| Issue : 2 | Page : 127-128 |
|
|
Primary hydatid cyst of the neck diagnosed by aspiration cytology
Indranil Chakrabarti1, Bidyut Krishna Goswami2
1 Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, India 2 Department of Pathology, Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, India
Date of Acceptance | 25-Oct-2012 |
Date of Web Publication | 28-Dec-2012 |
Correspondence Address: Indranil Chakrabarti Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, West Bengal - 734 012 India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.105179
Abstract | | |
Primary hydatid cyst of the neck is of extremely rare occurrence even in endemic regions. Clinically mimicking a cold abscess, we report such a case which was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The lesion was removed surgically and at 6-month follow-up visit, the patient was a symptom-free. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, neck, primary hydatid cyst
How to cite this article: Chakrabarti I, Goswami BK. Primary hydatid cyst of the neck diagnosed by aspiration cytology. Trop Parasitol 2012;2:127-8 |
Introduction | |  |
Hydatid disease is a serious helminthic disease in humans with a world-wide distribution and is particularly prevalent in the cattle rearing regions. Essentially a zoonotic disease, it is caused by the larval tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus oligarthus. However, most human cases occur due to infection of E. granulosus. [1] Commonly affecting liver and lungs, affection of various other organs has been reported. Such affection can be primary or secondary following liver or lung involvement. Here, we report a rare case of the primary hydatid cyst in the neck accidentally diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
Case Report | |  |
A 58-year-old male farmer reported to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Surgery with a 45 × 30 mm swelling in the right posterior triangle of the neck. The patient stated that he first noticed the swelling one month back, the size of which then was that of a pea. It was gradually increasing but was painless. There was no history of fever or cough. On examination the swelling was soft and cystic with well-defined margin and was non-tender. It was also non-reducible and non-fluctuant. The overlying skin was free and was mildly hyperemic. There was no attachment to the deeper tissue. A clinical diagnosis of cold abscess was made and the patient was sent for FNAC which was performed with a 24 gauge needle attached to 10 cc syringe. The aspiration yielded 5 ml of mildly dirty fluid with some white granularity. The fluid was centrifuged, smears were made and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. The microscopic examination revealed scolices and hooks with few fragments of lamellar membrane in a dirty background of pus cells and cell debris [Figure 1] and [Figure 2]. A diagnosis of the hydatid cyst was made. The patient then underwent chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan to rule out any other organ involvement. The complete blood counts were unremarkable. Indirect hemagglutination test for E. granulosus was positive. The results of all the other tests were negative indicating that this was a case of primary hydatid cyst in the subcutanoeus tissue of the neck. The patient was treated with oral Albendazole and the intact cyst was removed surgically with no complication. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The case was followed up for 6 months and there was no recurrence. | Figure 1: Microphotograph showing scolices and hooks of Echinococcus granulosus (H and E, ×100)
Click here to view |
 | Figure 2: Microphotograph showing a closer look at scolices and hooks. Inset shows high power view of hook (H and E, ×400)
Click here to view |
Discussion | |  |
Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease which may affect humans. Further more, known as a hydatid cyst due to the cystic nature of the lesion, it is caused by the larval forms of Echinococcus most commonly E. granulosus. Hydatid disease is seen endemically in Middle East as well as in other parts of the world, including Africa, India, South America, Turkey, and Southern Europe [1] in cattle and sheep-rearing regions. Cystic hydatid disease or hydatid cysts usually affects the liver (70%) and the lungs (25%) but can occur anywhere in the body, including spleen, kidneys, bile ducts, mesentery, heart, brain, and musculoskeletal or soft tissue. [2],[3] Localization in soft tissues is extremely rare accounting for only 2.3% in the largest published series consisting of only 24 out of 1056 cases. [4] Even in regions where Echinococcosis is endemic, hydatid cyst in the neck is rare and its incidence is unknown. [5],[6] Iynen et al., [6] Eroglu et al., [7] Kesici et al.[8] and Hmidi et al. [9] reported one case each of a primary hydatid cyst in the neck region. The larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus usually resides in the small intestine of dogs. Humans, who get infected by ingestion of eggs of Echinococcus, serve as the accidental intermediate host where the life-cycle of the Echinococcus reaches a dead end. In humans, the parasite eggs hatch in the small intestine, pass into the portal venous system or lymphatic system to reach the liver and lungs and form hydatid cyst lesions. Moreover, they can cross the hepatic sinusoid or pulmonary capillary barrier enters the systemic circulation and can affect all the parts of the body. [6] Our case was unique as the patient suffered from the primary subcutaneous hydatid cyst of the right posterior triangle of the neck with no involvement of lungs and liver. FNAC although generally discouraged as a diagnostic tool in suspected hydatid cases due to the risk of anaphylaxis, accidentally clinched the diagnosis in this case. To conclude, we report this case for its unique presentation, to emphasize the fact that hydatid cyst should remain in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in unusual locations particularly in the endemic regions and also to highlight the role of FNAC in detection of hydatid cysts.
References | |  |
1. | Arora V, Nijjar IS, Gill KS, Singh G. Primary hydatid cyst of muscle-A rare site. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006;16:239-41.  |
2. | Ahmad S, Jalil S, Saleem Y, Suleman BA, Chughtai N. Hydatid cysts at unusual sites: Reports of two cases in the neck and breast. J Pak Med Assoc 2010;60:232-4.  |
3. | Sogüt O, Ozgönül A, Bitiren M, Köse R, Cece H. Primary hydatid cyst in the deltoid muscle: An unusual localization. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e347-8.  |
4. | Muñoz Sánchez JA, Conthe Gutiérrez P, Arnalich Fernández F, Fernández A, García Seoane J, Ortiz Vázquez J, et al. The incidence of hydatidic disease in a general hospital. I. Epidemiological analysis of 1056 cases. Med Clin (Barc) 1982;78:421-6.  |
5. | Darabi M, Varedi P, Mohebi AR, Mahmoodi S, Varedi P, Nabavizadeh SA, et al. Hydatid cyst of the parotid gland. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;13:33-5.  |
6. | Iynen I, Sogut O, Guldur ME, Kose R, Kaya H, Bozkus F. Primary hydatid cyst: An unusual cause of a mass in the supraclavicular region of the neck. J Clin Med Res 2011;3:52-4.  |
7. | Eroðlu A, Atabekoðlu S, Kocaoðlu H. Primary hydatid cyst of the neck. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1999;256:202-4.  |
8. | Kesici U, Kesici S, Türkmen ÜA, Ulusoy H, Duman A, Burakgazi G, et al. Primary cyst hydatid in the neck; report of one case. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011;35:217-9.  |
9. | Hmidi M, Touiheme N, Rbai M, Messary A. Isolated hydatid cyst of the neck: An unusual site. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2012;129:108-10.  |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
This article has been cited by | 1 |
Unusual Presentation of Hydatid Cyst in Submandibular Region- A Case Report and Literature Review |
|
| Joshna Thakur, Izhar Khan, Sanjay Kumar Shukla | | Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 2 |
Hydatid disease as a rare cause of neck swelling: Two cases report |
|
| Makram Tbini,Rim Lahiani,Houda Guelmami,Habib Jaafoura,Ines Riahi,Mamia Bensalah | | International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2021; 87: 106486 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 3 |
Primary Hydatid Cyst of Neck, A Rare Case Report |
|
| Souvagini Acharya,Sujata Panda,Sabyasachi Biswal | | Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 4 |
Primary hydatid cyst of neck: case report |
|
| Vivek Sharma,Nitin Adgaonkar,Akhil Shrivastav,Neeta Bhatia | | Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research. 2018; 10(6) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 5 |
Unusual location of primary hydatid cyst diagnosed on aspiration cytology |
|
| Rikki Singal,Amit Mittal,Monika Garg,Muzzafar Zaman,Manish Chaudhry,Samita Singal,Bhanu Pratap Sharma | | Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 6 |
Primary Multilocular Hydatid Cyst of Neck with Unique Presentation: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review |
|
| Prashant Goyal,Soumyesh Ghosh,Shelly Sehgal,Ipsit Panda,Awanindra Kumar,Sompal Singh,N. K. Tangri | | Head and Neck Pathology. 2013; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
 |
|